Reference,Figure 9.2
Title,Simple associations between education spending and learning are weak
Subtitle,
Source,"WDR 2018 team, using data from OECD (2016); UIS (2017); World Bank (2017)."
Note,AUS = Australia; BGR = Bulgaria; BRA = Brazil; COL = Colombia; CZE = Czech Republic; GBR =  Great Britain; HUN = Hungary; IDN = Indonesia; KOR = Republic of Korea; LTU = Lithuania; PER = Peru; POL = Poland; SVK = Slovak Republic; GNI = gross national income; PISA = Programme for International Student Assessment; PPP = purchasing power parity.
Report URL,http://www.worldbank.org/wdr2018
Data URL,http://bit.do/WDR2018-Fig_9-2
,
Panel 1,Spending and learning outcomes
country,code,exp_prisec_ppp_hat,score_hat,
Country,Country code,Spending per student (PPP) primary and secondary given GNI per capita log PPP,PISA score given GNI per capita log PPP (constant 2011 international $),
Korea Rep.,KOR,-1163.544555664063,48.03409194946289,
Albania,ALB,-28.23391723632813,-2.314618349075317,
Algeria,DZA,.,-66.9224853515625,
Argentina,ARG,-1110.52734375,-35.11295700073242,
Australia,AUS,-1290.058349609375,6.609121322631836,
Austria,AUT,2680.1298828125,8.239294052124023,
Belgium,BEL,3377.0595703125,20.88480377197266,
Brazil,BRA,248.0501251220703,-52.55389404296875,
Bulgaria,BGR,-953.5338134765625,3.314476728439331,
Canada,CAN,.,28.92584991455078,
Chile,CHL,-2075.40576171875,-29.08080863952637,
China,CHN,.,118.6741256713867,
Colombia,COL,51.84390258789063,-34.29719924926758,
Costa Rica,CRI,1014.382019042969,-28.44495582580566,
Croatia,HRV,.,15.21717834472656,
Cyprus,CYP,3641.40625,-32.02021789550781,
Czech Republic,CZE,-1024.701049804688,26.62302589416504,
Denmark,DNK,484.9458923339844,18.88025283813477,
Dominican Republic,DOM,-342.4473876953125,-96.20099639892578,
Estonia,EST,-747.7578125,56.81600189208984,
Finland,FIN,-2938.244140625,28.22559356689453,
France,FRA,-9.877792358398438,11.3215217590332,
Georgia,GEO,.,-.3993025720119476,
Germany,DEU,-341.695556640625,16.34702873229981,
Greece,GRC,.,-3.737775564193726,
Hong Kong SAR China,HKG,-2025.777587890625,48.14086151123047,
Hungary,HUN,-1764.79248046875,20.58457756042481,
Iceland,ISL,785.7349243164063,12.13547706604004,
Indonesia,IDN,190.1627349853516,-25.25329208374023,
Ireland,IRL,-471.4942321777344,16.31756591796875,
Israel,ISR,-1560.87451171875,-1.521056175231934,
Italy,ITA,-527,14.45888042449951,
Japan,JPN,2073.33056640625,49.60894012451172,
Jordan,JOR,542.6172485351563,-31.42941665649414,
Kazakhstan,KAZ,.,5.877317905426025,
Kosovo,KSV,.,-45.5933837890625,
Latvia,LVA,-351.1189270019531,27.491455078125,
Lebanon,LBN,.,-28.17974281311035,
Lithuania,LTU,-2128.543212890625,17.50065040588379,
Luxembourg,LUX,6678.06201171875,-21.47501564025879,
Macao SAR China,MAC,.,14.36166858673096,
Macedonia FYR,MKD,.,-51.14382934570313,
Malaysia,MYS,-1697.735107421875,-12.2074613571167,
Malta,MLT,1715.033569335938,6.733741283416748,
Mexico,MEX,-1519.858764648438,-28.93416786193848,
Moldova,MDA,5173.1298828125,44.1250114440918,
Montenegro,MNE,.,-16.70645332336426,
Netherlands,NLD,49.83227157592773,20.97579193115234,
New Zealand,NZL,-1031.235717773438,21.22271728515625,
Norway,NOR,1576.393920898438,-8.825450897216797,
Peru,PER,-93.23374938964844,-31.35642814636231,
Poland,POL,-319.4767761230469,46.6867790222168,
Portugal,PRT,234.9566040039063,30.65363311767578,
Qatar,QAT,.,-143.4187927246094,
Romania,ROM,-2785.89208984375,-3.409500598907471,
Russian Federation,RUS,.,38.12628555297852,
Singapore,SGP,.,46.52114105224609,
Slovak Republic,SVK,-1616.70703125,10.55212211608887,
Slovenia,SVN,1324.515502929688,44.0745735168457,
Spain,ESP,-1589.6884765625,13.48228549957275,
Sweden,SWE,792.6804809570313,2.25364875793457,
Switzerland,CHE,2430.68359375,18.22897148132324,
Thailand,THA,92.60031127929688,-15.2696008682251,
Trinidad and Tobago,TTO,.,-51.52006912231445,
Tunisia,TUN,.,-44.82868576049805,
Turkey,TUR,.,-24.84409523010254,
United Arab Emirates,ARE,-3416.166748046875,-82.29238128662109,
United Kingdom,GBR,-750.3357543945313,11.46176528930664,
United States,USA,518.4070434570313,-29.28260803222656,
Uruguay,URY,.,-27.16524696350098,
Vietnam,VNM,.,116.0536575317383,

Panel 2,Change in spending and learning
country,code,spend_change,math_change,
Country,Country code,Change in spending per secondary student 2009-2015,Annual change (percent) in PISA mathematics score 2009-2015,
Australia,AUS,-1.299999952316284,-2,
Austria,AUT,-.699999988079071,.1000000014901161,
Belgium,BEL,2,-.800000011920929,
Brazil,BRA,7.900000095367432,-1.100000023841858,
Bulgaria,BGR,-3.900000095367432,1.5,
Chile,CHL,2,.2000000029802322,
Colombia,COL,6.599999904632568,1.100000023841858,
Costa Rica,CRI,5.300000190734863,-1.100000023841858,
Czech Republic,CZE,3.799999952316284,0,
Estonia,EST,-1.100000023841858,.699999988079071,
Finland,FIN,-31.70000076293945,-2.799999952316284,
France,FRA,-1.200000047683716,-.4000000059604645,
Germany,DEU,2.400000095367432,-.699999988079071,
Hong Kong SAR China,HKG,5.900000095367432,-.6000000238418579,
Hungary,HUN,-3.5,-1.399999976158142,
Indonesia,IDN,2.400000095367432,2,
Ireland,IRL,-2.700000047683716,1.700000047683716,
Israel,ISR,2.700000047683716,2.5,
Italy,ITA,-3.700000047683716,.699999988079071,
Japan,JPN,3.799999952316284,.300000011920929,
Korea Rep.,KOR,8.5,-2,
Latvia,LVA,-.5,0,
Lithuania,LTU,-5.099999904632568,.2000000029802322,
Malaysia,MYS,7.099999904632568,5,
Moldova,MDA,6.300000190734863,2.799999952316284,
Netherlands,NLD,-.8999999761581421,-1.299999952316284,
New Zealand,NZL,5.800000190734863,-2.299999952316284,
Peru,PER,7.199999809265137,2.900000095367432,
Poland,POL,3.299999952316284,1,
Slovak Republic,SVK,5,-2.200000047683716,
Spain,ESP,-8.5,.2000000029802322,
Sweden,SWE,-4.300000190734863,0,
Switzerland,CHE,-.300000011920929,-1.200000047683716,
Thailand,THA,25.79999923706055,-.4000000059604645,
United Kingdom,GBR,-9.699999809265137,0,
United States,USA,-2.700000047683716,-1.799999952316284,