Reference,Figure 11.3
Title,Trends in public education spending in the Philippines are associated with changes in the broader political and economic context
Subtitle,"Public education spending as percentage of GDP and measures of democracy and trade openness, the Philippines (1960-2000)"
Source,Ansell (2010).
Note,"Level of democracy is measured by the polity score, which consists of an evaluation of the competitiveness and openness of elections, the nature of political participation in general, and the extent of checks on executive authority. A high positive score corresponds to strong democratic institutions; negative scores indicate more autocratic systems. Trade openness is measured by the inverted Hiscox Kastner score, which gauges the degree to which a country deviates from an optimal level of imports from a hypothetical protection-free environment. Higher scores indicate greater openness. GDP = gross domestic product."
Report URL,http://www.worldbank.org/wdr2018
Data URL,http://bit.do/WDR2018-Fig_11-3
,
year,pubed,polity2,invpctacfe,
Year,Public education spending (% of GDP),Level of democracy,Trade openness,
1960,2.25,5,54.77007675170898,
1961,.,5,51.14988708496094,
1962,.,5,51.67470550537109,
1963,.,5,54.7454719543457,
1964,.,5,57.91442489624023,
1965,2.369999885559082,5,57.41494369506836,
1966,.,5,58.75153350830078,
1967,.,5,59.67228698730469,
1968,.,5,47.7817497253418,
1969,.,2,50.79458236694336,
1970,2.740000009536743,2,48.58203506469727,
1971,.,2,44.64564514160156,
1972,2.470008611679077,-9,46.53766250610352,
1973,.,-9,44.04302978515625,
1974,.,-9,54.18490982055664,
1975,1.990000009536743,-9,58.62583160400391,
1976,.,-9,64.71476745605469,
1977,.,-9,56.71530151367188,
1978,.,-9,59.61936187744141,
1979,.,-9,58.87920379638672,
1980,1.72000002861023,-9,51.84088134765625,
1981,2.089999914169312,-8,53.24188613891602,
1982,2.069999933242798,-7,48.06903839111328,
1983,1.840000033378601,-6,53.70816040039063,
1984,1.320000052452087,-6,43.14572525024414,
1985,1.320000052452087,-6,41.61720657348633,
1986,1.730000019073486,1,44.4559211730957,
1987,2.039999961853027,8,48.15676879882813,
1988,2.75,8,49.08596420288086,
1989,2.859999895095825,8,53.88512802124023,
1990,2.880000114440918,8,51.54491806030273,
1991,2.97000002861023,8,51.25941848754883,
1992,2.339999914169312,8,50.21620941162109,
1993,2.460000038146973,8,53.12889862060547,
1994,.,8,59.48305892944336,
1995,3.039999961853027,8,67.49967193603516,
1996,3.359999895095825,8,67.60450744628906,
1997,3.559999942779541,8,71.52005004882813,
1998,4.230000019073486,8,67.94203948974609,
1999,.,8,65.21429443359375,
2000,3.539999961853027,8,63.70220565795898,
2001,3.230000019073486,8,.,
2002,.,8,.,